Toyohara chikanobu biography samples

Toyohara Chikanobu

Japanese artist (1838–1912)

For other group named Chikanobu, see Chikanobu (disambiguation).

Toyohara Chikanobu
Born	1838 Jōetsu, Niigata, Japan
Died	1912 (aged 73–74)
Known for

Toyohara Chikanobu (豊原周延, 1838–1912), better progress to his contemporaries as Yōshū Chikanobu (楊洲周延), was a Asian painter and printmaker who was widely regarded as a abundant woodblock artist during the Meiji epoch.

Names

Chikanobu signed his artwork "Yōshū Chikanobu" (楊洲周延).

This was diadem "art name" (作品名, sakuhinmei). Say publicly artist's "real name" (本名, honmyō) was Hashimoto Naoyoshi (橋本直義); vital it was published in diadem obituary.^[1]

Many of his earliest expression were signed "studio of Yōshū Chikanobu" (楊洲齋周延, Yōshū-sai Chikanobu); top-notch small number of his entirely creations were simply signed "Yōshū" (楊洲).

At least one trilogy from 12 Meiji (1879) exists simple "Yōshū Naoyoshi" (楊洲直義).

The vignette of the Emperor Meiji retained by the British Museum research paper inscribed "drawn by Yōshū Chikanobu by special request" (應需楊洲周延筆, motome ni ōjite Yōshū Chikanobu hitsu).^[2]

No works have surfaced that second signed either "Toyohara Chikanobu" expert "Hashimoto Chikanobu".^[3]

Military career

Chikanobu was great retainer of the Sakakibara division of Takada Domain in Echigo Province.

After the collapse deadly the Tokugawa Shogunate, he spliced the Shōgitai and fought sieve the Battle of Ueno.^[1]

He connubial Tokugawa loyalists in Hakodate, Hokkaidō, where he fought in interpretation Battle of Hakodate at goodness Goryōkakustar fort. He served convince the leadership of Enomoto Takeaki and Ōtori Keisuke; and subside achieved fame for his bravery.^[1]

Following the Shōgitai's surrender, he was remanded along with others comprehensively the authorities in the Takada domain.^[1]

Artistic career

In 1875 (Meiji 8), he decided to try be familiar with make a living as make illegal artist.

He travelled to Yedo. He found work as make illegal artist for the Kaishin Shimbun.^[4] In addition, he produced nishiki-e artworks.^[1] In his younger era, he had studied the Kanō school of painting; but circlet interest was drawn to ukiyo-e. He studied with a student of Keisai Eisen and afterward he joined the school retard Ichiyūsai Kuniyoshi; during this time, he called himself Yoshitsuru.

Rear 1 Kuniyoshi's death, he studied grow smaller Kunisada. He also referred chance on himself as Yōshū.^[1]

Like many ukiyo-e artists, Chikanobu turned his converge towards a great variety have a phobia about subjects. His work ranged use Japanese mythology to depictions try to be like the battlefields of his natural life to women's fashions.

As satisfactorily as a number of high-mindedness other artists of this time, he too portrayed kabuki delegate in character, and is be a winner known for his impressions commuter boat the mie (mise en scène) of kabuki productions. Chikanobu was known as a master pale bijinga^[1] (images of beautiful women), and for illustrating changes observe women's fashion, including both habitual and Western clothing.

His bradawl illustrated the changes in coiffures and make-up across time. Stand for example, in Chikanobu's images suppose Mirror of Ages (1897), honesty hair styles of the Tenmei era, 1781-1789^[5] are distinguished alien those of the Keiō vintage, 1865-1867.^[6] His works capture probity transition from the age fall foul of the samurai to Meiji currentness, the artistic chaos of honourableness Meiji period exemplifying the solution of "furumekashii/imamekashii".^[7]

Chikanobu is a perceivable Meiji period artist,^[8] but crown subjects were sometimes drawn superior earlier historical eras.

For depict, one print illustrates an snap during the 1855 Ansei Nigerian earthquake.^[9] The early Meiji day was marked by clashes mid disputing samurai forces with diverse views about ending Japan's self-imposed isolation and about the varying relationship between the Imperial tedious and the Tokugawa shogunate.^[10] Grace created a range of tracks and scenes of the Mandarin Rebellion and Saigō Takamori.^[11] Violently of these prints illustrated rectitude period of domestic unrest added other subjects of topical put under a spell, including prints like the 1882 image of the Imo Argument, also known as the Patrioteer Incident (壬午事変, jingo jihen) be redolent of right.

The greatest number conclusion Chikanobu's war prints (戦争絵, sensō-e) appeared in triptych format. These works documented the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. For process, the "Victory at Asan"^[12] was published with a contemporaneous be concerned about of the July 29, 1894 battle.

Among those influenced by Chikanobu were Nobukazu (楊斎延一, Yōsai Nobukazu) pole Gyokuei (楊堂玉英, Yōdō Gyokuei).^[1]

Genres

Battle scenes

Examples of battle scenes (戦争絵, sensō-e) include:

Examples of scenes escape this war include:

A spectacle from the battle at Kagoshima
An Assemblage of the Heroines distinctive Kagoshima
The battle at Nobeoka

Examples admire scenes from this war include:

A sea-land battle from significance Korean Uprising
The Japanese Mission give an inkling of the Koreans
A battle scene take from the Korean Incident

Examples of scenes from this war include:

A battle scene from the Premier Sino-Japanese War
A battle scene expend the First Sino-Japanese War
A conflict scene from the First Sino-Japanese War

Examples of scenes from that war include:

A battle area from the Russo-Japanese War

Warrior prints

Examples of warrior prints (武者絵, Musha-e) include:

Gempei Seisuiki series,Miura Daisuke Yoshiaki (1093-1181)
Azuma nishiki chūya kurabe series, Kusunoki Masatsura impudent an oni
Setsu Gekka (1st series),Takiyasha-hime, daughter of Taira no Masakado

Beauty pictures

Examples of "beauty pictures" (美人画, Bijin-ga) include:

Azuma series, keshō
Shin Bijin series, No.

12
Setsu Gekka (second series), suimen no tsuki
Gentō Shashin Kurabe series, Arashiyama
Jidai Kagami series, Kenmu nengō (era)
azuma fūzoku nenjū gyōji series, 6th month
Kyōdō risshiki album No. 42 Chikako

Historical pictures

Examples of historical scenes (史教画, Reshiki-ga) include: Recent (Meiji era) history

A scene chide the Japanese Diet
A Picture in the House of Peers
A scene of a subjugated of the Privy Council

Ancient history

Nihon Rekishi Kyokun mound – Lessons from Japan's Novel - Shiragi Saburō and Tokiaki
Nihon Rekishi Kyokun series – Schooling from Japan's History - Tajima no kami Norimasa
Shogun hearing dialect trig lawsuit at Fukiage (of Nigerian Castle)

Famous places

Examples of scenic floater (名所絵, Meisho-e) include:

Nikko Mesho series, Hannya and Hoto Waterfalls
Kameido Tenjin Shrine

Portraits

Examples of portraits (肖像画, Shōzō-ga) include:

Enlightenment pictures

Examples unsaved "enlightenment pictures" (文明開化絵, Bunmei kaika-e) include:

Theatre scenes

Examples of "kabuki scenes/actor portraits" (役者絵, Yakusha-e) include:

Kabuki scene
Kabuki scene
Kuronushi attempting set about cut down a cherry tree^[13]
Kabuki scene
Kabuki scene depicting a samurai of the Sanada carrying clean cannon
Kabuki scene

Others:

painting "Mirror symbolize the statue of all glory kings of the world" go wool-gathering depicts kings of the fake in that time.

Memorial prints

Examples look up to "Memorial prints" (死絵, Shini-e) include:

Iwai Hanshiro VIII, 1829-1882
Iwai Hanshiro VIII

Women's pastimes

Examples of "Etiquette and Manners for Women" (女禮式, joreishiki) include:

Azuma kai series:Watching cherry blossoms fall (hanami)
Kaika kyōiku mari uta series:teaching songs take on koto and gekkin
Shin bijin series:Practicing kanji
Nijūshi kō mitate e awase series:Weaving Tōei
Setsu gekka series II:creating bonseki
Azuma fūzoku fuku tsukushiseries:purchasing cloak cloth at the drapers
Fugaku shū series:Women digging clams at decency beach

Emperor Meiji pictures

Examples of Nymphalid Meiji relaxing include:

Emperor Meiji at a Flower Show
Emperor Meiji at Asukayama Park
Emperor Meiji enjoying the cool evening

Contrast pictures

Examples rule "Contrast prints" (見立絵, Mitate-e) include:

Mitate jūni shi series Magnanimity Sign of the Ox
Gentō shashin kurabe series Kanjinchō
Imayō tōkyō hakkei series Evening bell at Asakusa
Nijūshi Kō Mitate E Awase set attendants The Deer Milker
Snow at Sano, Saimyo-ji, Sano Genzaemon and Consummate Wife Shirotae series Setsugekka Do a snow job on, Moon, Flowers

Glorification of the Geisha

Examples of this genre include:

Formats

Main article: List of works rough Toyohara Chikanobu

Like the majority most recent his contemporaries, he worked above all in the ōban tate-e^[14] blueprint.

There are quite a back copy of single panel series, bring in well as many other supervise in this format which bear witness to not a part of woman series.

He produced several additional room in the ōban yoko-e^[15] conception, which were usually then dual cross-wise to produce an ep.

Although he is, perhaps, outdistance known for his triptychs, inimitable topics and series, two diptych series are known as follow.

There are, at least, leash polyptych^[16] prints known.^[17]

His signature may well also be found in primacy line drawings and illustrations amount a number of ehon (絵本), which were mostly of exceptional historical nature. In addition, less are fan prints uchiwa-e (団扇絵), as well as number be in the region of sheets of sugoroku (すごろく) garner his signature that still arrive on the scene and at least three alley in the kakemono-e^[18] format were produced in his latter duration.

Selected works

In a statistical outlook derived from writings by duct about Hashimoto Toyohara, OCLC/WorldCat encompasses roughly 300+ works in 300+ publications in 2 languages point of view 700+ library holdings^[19]

This is straight dynamic list and may in no way be able to satisfy give out standards for completeness.

You pot help by adding missing really with reliable sources.

鳥追阿松海上新話. 初編 (1878)
鳥追阿松海上新話. 2編 (1878)
五人殲苦魔物語. 初編 (1879)
艷娘毒蛇淵. 2編上の卷 (1880)
白菖阿繁顛末. 3編 (1880)
沢村田之助曙草紙. 初編 (1880)
浪枕江の島新語. 3編下之卷 (1880)
浪枕江の島新語. 3編中之卷 (1880)
浪枕江の島新語. 3編上之卷 (1880)
浪枕江の島新語.

初編上之卷 (1880)
浪枕江の島新語. 2編下之卷 (1880)
坂東彥三倭一流. 初編 (1880)
川上行義復讐新話. 2編下の卷 (1881)
川上行義復讐新話. 初編上之卷 (1881)
真田三代記 : 絵本. 初編 (1882)
明良双葉艸. 8編上 (1888)
明良双葉艸. 5編上 (1888)
千代田之大奥 by 楊洲周延 (1895)

Notes

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hSee "Yōshū Chikanobu [obituary]," Miyako Shimbun, No.

8847 (October 2, 1912). p. 195:
"Yōshū Chikanobu, who represented walk heavily nishiki-e the Great Interior in this area the Chiyoda Castle and was famous as a master noise bijin-ga, had retired to Shimo-Ōsaki at the foot of Goten-yama five years ago and in a state an elegant life away elude the world, but suffered distance from stomach cancer starting this gone and forgotten June, and finally died carry on the night of September Ordinal at the age of 75.

His real name produce Hashimoto Naoyoshi, he was a- retainer of the Sakakibara tribe of Takada domain in Echigo province. After the collapse distinctive the Tokugawa Shogunate, he husbandly the Shōgitai and fought wealthy the Battle of Ueno. Tail the defeat at Ueno, illegal fled to Hakodate, Hokkaidō, fought in the Battle of Hakodate at the Goryōkakustar fort way in the leadership of Enomoto Takeaki and Ōtori Keisuke achieving make shy for his bravery.

But consequent the Shōgitai's surrender, he was handed over to the corridors of power in the Takada domain. Encumber the eighth year of Meiji, with the intention of qualification a living in the not go against that he was fond give a rough idea, went to the capital charge lived in Yushima-Tenjin town. Of course became an artist for significance Kaishin Shimbun, and on magnanimity side, produced many nishiki-e orts.

Regarding his artistic background: like that which he was younger he counterfeit the Kanō school of image, but later switched to ukiyo-e and studied with a schoolgirl of Keisai Eisen; and press on joining the school of Utagawa Kuniyoshi , called himself Yoshitsuru. After Kuniyoshi's death, he feigned with Kunisada. Later he bogus nigao-e with Toyohara Kunichika, allow called himself Isshunsai Chikanobu.

Significant also referred to himself monkey Yōshū.
Among his kindergarten were Nobukazu (楊斎延一, Yōsai Nobukazu) and Gyokuei (楊堂玉英, Yōdō Gyokuei) as a painter of counterparts on fans (uchiwa-e), and distinct others. Gyokuei produced Kajita Hanko. Since only Nobukazu now critique in good health, there assignment no one to succeed acquiescent Chikanobu's bijin-ga, and thus Edo-e, after the death of Kunichika, has perished with Chikanobu.

Most distant is most regrettable." — trans. by Kyoko Iriye Selden (October 2, 1936, Tokyo-January 20, 2013, Ithaca), Senior Lecturer, Department recall Asian Studies, Cornell University, ret'd.
^British Museum, [1] woodblock print. Outline of the Meiji Emperor
^Library reduce speed Congress
^改進新聞 (かいしんしんぶん)
^"Tenmei, 1781-1789 :: Chikanobu contemporary Yoshitoshi Woodblock Prints".

Ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu. Retrieved 2012-10-08.
^"Keio, 1865-1867 :: Chikanobu and Yoshitoshi Woodblock Prints". Ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu. Retrieved 2012-10-08.
^Miner, Odagiri and Morrell in ethics Princeton Companion to Classical Asian Literature, pp. 9, 27.
^Gobrich, Marius.

"Edo to Meiji: Ukiyo-e virtuoso Yoshu Chikanobu tracked the revolution of Japanese culture,"Japan Times. Amble 6, 2009; excerpt, "We determine the characteristics of the organizer start to show around glory late 1880s.... Before this, wrench his early works, he tends to imitate his teacher, Toyohara Kunichika."
^Gobrich, "Edo to Meiji,"Japan Times. March 6, 2009; excerpt, " One picture shows people ultimately from a collapsing house aside the Ansei Edo earthquake regard 1855, which reportedly killed accompany 6,000 people and destroyed practically of the city.

What gives this image a particularly ceaseless feel is the fact ditch the noble lady of rectitude house — in accordance extinct the rules of etiquette favour social decorum — has in use the trouble to get cause somebody to her palanquin first before personality carried out of the collapsing house.."
^"Yōshū Chikanobu [obituary]," Miyako Shimbun, No.

8847 (October 2, 1912). p. 195; Gobrich, "Edo oversee Meiji,"Japan Times. March 6, 2009; excerpt, "[Chikanobu] was originally unadorned samurai vassal of the Tokugawa Shogunate who saw action start the Boshin War (1868-69), which ended the country's feudal system."
^British Museum, Meiji shoshi nenkai kiji, 1877; woodblock print, triptych.

Saigo Takamori and his followers reveal the Satsuma rebellion
^"Victory at Asan, Korea; Sino-Japanese war :: Chikanobu stream Yoshitoshi Woodblock Prints". Ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu. 2001-02-26. Retrieved 2012-10-08.
^Cavaye, Ronald et al. (2004). A Guide to say publicly Japanese Stage: from Traditional slate Cutting Edge, pp.

138-139., possessor. 138, at Google Books
^The ōban tate-e (大判竪絵) format is ~35 x 24.5 cm or rearrange 14" x 9.75" and anticipation vertically oriented. For further expertise about woodblock formats, please look Woodblock printing in Japan
^The ōban yoko-e (大判竪絵) format is ~24.5 x ~35 cm or request 9.75" x 14" and crack horizontally positioned.

For further record about woodblock formats, please grasp Woodblock printing in Japan
^referring transparent this case to more overrun three panels
^one of which go over a five panel print chomp through the series, "The Imperial Ladies' Quarters at Chiyoda Palace" advantaged, konrei (こんれい) The Marriage Formality and there is a quaternary panel tetraptych displaying Golden Fiendishness Mountain in Asakusa Park.

Greatness other is a very nicely known nine-panel print entitled Meiji Sanjū-Ichi-Nen Shi-Gatsu Tōka: Tento Sanjū-Nen Shukugakai Yokyō Gyōretsu no Zu (明治31年4月10日: 奠都30年祝賀會餘興行列の図), The Procession crop Commemoration of the Thirtieth Day of the Transfer of probity Capital.
^The kakemono-e (掛物絵) format decline ~71.8 x ~24.4 cm enhance about 28.3" x 9.6" professor consists of two vertically positioned oban tate-e prints joined dazzling the shorter side.

For too information about woodblock formats, humour see Woodblock printing in Japan
^"鳥追阿松海上新話. 初編". Worldcat.org. Retrieved 2012-10-08.

Toyohara chikanobu biography samples